LION Vet's Apple Flavor Toothpaste for Cats & Dogs 40g

Main Ingredients:
> Sodium Polyphosphate - Tatar control agent; chelates calcium in plaque and reduces tartar buildup
> Dextranase Enzyme - Enzyme that break down the plaque biofilm
> Ashitaba (Angelica leaf extract)

1. Oxidative Stress Relief –
> Inhibits Xanthine Oxidase, a source of free radicals in the mouth
> Free-radical scavenging helps prevent periodontal damage (Key antioxidants: 4-hydroxyderricin, xanthoangelol, Ashitabaol A)

2. Anti-Inflammatory Power
> Suppresses NO, TNF-α, NF-κB, and MAPK pathways in gum tissue
> Reduces histamine-mediated irritation
> Promotes healing and reduces gingival inflammation

3. Antimicrobial Defense
>Strong activity against oral pathogens: Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis, Micrococcus luteus
> Low MICs (<7 µg/mL) demonstrate high potency
> Also effective against viral particles (e.g., influenza NA inhibition)

Usage instructions:
Apply the toothpaste directly to the surface of the teeth, allowing your pet to lick it for full distribution.

Alternatively, it can be applied to a toothbrush and used as regular toothpaste for brushing